S3 Object Storage - Lifecycle Management

Object Storage - Object Lifecycle Management

It is possible to configure a lifecycle of a group of objects so that their storage costs can effectively be managed. A lifecycle configuration is a set of rules that defines actions applied to a group of objects stored on Object Storage.

Currently the expiration, transition and incomplete multipart uploads actions are supported on the platform:

  • Expiration defines when objects expire, to delete objects automatically on your behalf.
  • Transition defines when objects change their storage class
  • Incomplete Multipart Uploads allows you to automate the stoppage of uploads if they are not completed.

There might be for example a need to store log files for a week or a month, after which they become obsolete. It is possible to set a lifecyle rule to delete them automatically when they become obsolete. Also, if you consider that a 3-month old object is rarely used but still has a value, you might want configure a rule to send it automatically to C14 Cold Storage, for example.

Lifecyle Management on Object Storage is available on every AWS S3 compliant tool (sdk, aws-cli, boto, etc), as well as from the Scaleway management console.

Lifecycle Specification

A lifecycle configuration is an XML file, containing a set of rules with predefined actions that you want Object Storage to perform on objects during their lifetime:

<LifecycleConfiguration>
  <Rule>
  ...
  </Rule>
  <Rule>
  ...
  </Rule>
  ...
</LifecycleConfiguration>

Each Rule consists of the following:

  • Filter identifying a subset of objects to which the rule applies.
  • Status whether the rule is in effect (A rule can be present but Disabled)
  • Lifecycle transition(s) to perform on the selected objects

Available XML Tokens

  • Rule: Child of LifecycleConfiguration

    Container for a lifecycle rule. There is a limit of thousand (1000) rules per bucket.

  • Filter: Child of Rule

    Container for elements that describe that identifies the subset of object the rule applies for. If the content of the tag is empty, the rule applies to all objects in the bucket.

  • And: Child of Rule

    Container for chaining rule filters. For example:

     <And>
          <Prefix>myprefix</Prefix>
          <Tag>
              <Key>mytagkey1</Key>
              <Value>mytagvalue1</Value>
          </Tag>
  </And>

    Which applies the Prefix rule and the Tag

  • Prefix: Child of Filter or And;

    Object key prefix identifying one or more objects to which the rule applies. Object Storage does limit this token to 1 per Filter Rule.

  • Tag: Child of Filter or And;

    Container for specifying a Key and a Value

  • Status: Child of Rule;

    Describes whether or not a rule is to be enabled. Values: Enabled,Disabled

  • Transition: Child of Rule;

    Specifies a period and a destination for an object lifetime

  • Days: Child of Transition and / or Expiration;

    Specifies the number of days after object creation when the rule takes effect.

  • StorageClass: Child of Transition;

    Specifies the Storage Class to which the object shall be transferred to.
    On the Scaleway Elements platform the storage classes STANDARD and GLACIER are available.

  • Expiration: Child of Rule;

    Describe a period in the objet’s lifetime for a deletion. If versioning is enabled, this rule shall only delete the current version of an object.

  • ID: Child of Rule;

    Unique identifier for the rule. This value is limited to 255 characters.

Configuration Examples

<LifecycleConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
  <Rule>
    <ID>id-1</ID>
      <Expiration>
        <Days>1</Days>
      </Expiration>
    <Filter>
      <And>
        <Prefix>myprefix</Prefix>
      <Tag>
        <Key>mytagkey1</Key>
        <Value>mytagvalue1</Value>
      </Tag>
      <Tag>
        <Key>mytagkey2</Key>
        <Value>mytagvalue2</Value>
      </Tag>
      </And>
    </Filter>
    <Status>Enabled</Status>
  </Rule>
</LifecycleConfiguration>

The lifecycle configuration above translates to the following effective rules:

On this rule named “id-1”, we set the objects with the ‘myprefix’ Prefix and the tags ‘mytagkey1’, ‘mytagkey2’ sets to ‘mytagvalue1’ and ‘mytagvalue2’ to expire after one day.

PUT Bucket lifecycle

Sample Request:

PUT /?lifecycle HTTP/1.1
Host: bucketname.s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud
Content-MD5: e0d656aa8bed46fe766420c6d21537d5
Authorization: authorization string
<LifecycleConfiguration>
    <Rule>
        <ID>ExampleRule</ID>
        <Filter>
           <Prefix>documents/</Prefix>
        </Filter>
        <Status>Enabled</Status>
        <Expiration>
             <Days>30</Days>
        </Expiration>
    </Rule>
</LifecycleConfiguration>

Sample Output:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

GET Bucket lifecycle

Sample Request:

GET /?lifecycle HTTP/1.1
Host: bucketname.s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud
Authorization: authorization string

Sample Output:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
x-amz-id-2: txda274593e2dc4974a82cc-005cdbe130
x-amz-request-id: txda274593e2dc4974a82cc-005cdbe130
Date: Wed, 15 May 2019 09:51:44 GMT
Content-Length: 238

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LifecycleConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
<Rule>
    <ID>ExampleRule</ID>
    <Filter>
       <Prefix>documents/</Prefix>
    </Filter>
    <Status>Enabled</Status>
    <Expiration>
         <Days>30</Days>
    </Expiration>
</Rule>
</LifecycleConfiguration>

DELETE Bucket lifecycle

Sample Request:

DELETE /?lifecycle HTTP/1.1
Host: bucketname.s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud
Authorization: authorization string

Sample Output:

204 No Content
Content-Length: 0
Date: Wed, 15 May 2019 09:59:29 GMT

Setting Rules for Incomplete Multipart Uploads

When using the awscli to perform a Multipart Upload it is possible to set up a bucket lifecycle rule that allows you to automate the stoppage of uploads if they are not completed. You can define a deadline for the expected completion with a lifecycle rule. If the multipart upload is incomplete by the end of the defined timeframe, it will be stopped and the parts associated with it are deleted.

You can automate the removal of incomplete multipart uploads by adding or uploading a lifecycle policy to your bucket. The set-up can be done via an API call or an AWS-CLI command.

  • Via the API

Send a PUT Bucket Lifecycle request with the following XML payload.

Note: In this example, the multipart upload timeframe is of one day. You may change the number of DaysAfterInitiation according to your preference by replacing 1 in the XML payload.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LifecycleConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
<Rule>
    <ID>Remove uncompleted uploads</ID>
    <Filter>
       <Prefix></Prefix>
    </Filter>
    <Status>Enabled</Status>
    <AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>
         <DaysAfterInitiation>1</DaysAfterInitiation>
    </AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload>
</Rule>
</LifecycleConfiguration>
  • Via the AWS-CLI

1 . Create a file called incomplete-upload-lifecycle-policy.json with the following content.

Note: In this example, the multipart upload timeframe is of one day. You may change the number of DaysAfterInitiation according to your preference by replacing 1 in the .json file body.

{
  "Rules": [{
    "ID": "Remove uncompleted uploads",
    "Status": "Enabled",
    "Filter": {
      "Prefix": ""
    },
    "AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload": {
      "DaysAfterInitiation": 1
    }
  }]
}

2 . Run the command:

$ aws s3api put-bucket-lifecycle-configuration --bucket mybucket --lifecycle-configuration file://incomplete-upload-lifecycle-policy.json

Managing Lifecycle Rules from the Scaleway Console

Via the Scaleway Console, you can either transfer objects to GLACIER class manually or automatically with lifecycle rules. These rules also allow users to set expiration dates for objects and object versions.

1 . Access your Object Storage bucket of choice on the Scaleway Console, click on the bucket name and then on Lifecycle Rules.

2 . Click on + Create Lifecycle Rule to add a rule.

3 . Choose a name for the rule.

4 . Filter the objects you want the rule to be applied to by one or both of the following criteria:

Prefix - this criteria is based on the object name. The defined rule will be applied to all objects with the same name prefix.

Tags - comprised of a « Key » and a « Value » associated to the Key. These tags should be defined prior to the rule creation, for either a bucket or an object. You can add one tag or more to your filter.

If you wish to change the storage class of two or more objects at a time, you can set up a transition rule that will automate the process.

5 . Tick the box if you wish to transfer the current version of the objects to GLACIER a number of days after its creation. Click on - or + to ajust the timeframe, or type in the exact amount.

Expiration rules work in similar fashion, objects can be set to be permanently deleted after a given period of time.

7 . Tick or leave boxes empty for each case according to your preference.

A summary of your rule preferences displays on the bottom of the Expiration Rules step page, as such:

8 . Check that all settings are correct and click on Create Lifecycle Rule to conclude.

A list of all bucket lifecycle rules displays.

Disabling a Lifecycle Rule on the Scaleway Console

1 . If you wish to disable a rule, open … on the right hand side of the rule in question and click Disable.

2 . A confirmation window pops up. Enter Disable Rule if you wish to pursue the action.

Once disabled, a bucket’s lifecycle rule remains listed and can be enabled once more by clicking on … and then Activate.

If you wish to permanently delete a rule, click on … and then Delete.

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