Deploying an e-commerce website with PrestaShop

• dedibox
• prestashop
• e-commerce-website
• ecommerce
• webshop
• onlineshop

Prestashop - Overview

PrestaShop is a popular open-source e-commerce solution used by more than 300,000 shops worldwide and available in about 60 different languages. The software is written in the PHP programming language and uses the MySQL database management system to store its data. It is published under the Open Software License (OSL). The application comes with several hundred built-in features for managing products, payments, shipping options, suppliers, and more. It uses a template system to allow users to customize their stores towards additional add-ons modules available in the PrestaShop Addon marketplace, a platform enabling third-party developers to publish and sell additional themes and modules to shop owners.

In this tutorial, you will learn how to install and configure PrestaShop on Ubuntu Focal Fossa 20.04 on a Scaleway Dedibox.

Installing PrestaShop

1. Update and upgrade the system. Then, install the apt-transport-https package, which allows the use of repositories accessed via the HTTP Secure protocol (HTTPS).

   apt update && apt -y upgrade
   apt -y install apt-transport-https
   

2. Download the pre-required packages and repositories to install PHP. Then, update the apt packet cache.

   add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
   apt-get update
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3. Install the nginx webserver, PHP and unzip using apt. Install the php7.4-curl package separately.

   apt install nginx php7.4-fpm php7.4-xml php7.4-zip php7.4-gd php7.4-mysql php7.4-intl unzip wget
   apt install php7.4-curl
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4. Create a directory for PrestaShop in the document root of Nginx:

   mkdir /var/www/html/eshop
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5. Create an Nginx configuration file for your PrestaShop. In this tutorial, we assume our shop’s domain name will be eshop.example.com - replace it with the domain name you want to use for your shop.

   nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/eshop.example.com
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   And put the following configuration into it:

   server {
           listen 80;
           root /var/www/html/eshop;
           index index.php index.html index.htm;
           server_name eshop.example.com;
   
           location / {
                   try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
           }
   
           location ~ \.php$ {
                   include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
                   fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
           }
   
           location ~ /\.ht {
                   deny all;
           }
   }
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   Then save the file and close the text editor.

6. Create a symbolic link to enable the server block:

   ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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7. Test the configuration for syntax errors:

   nginx -t
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8. Reload Nginx to activate the new configuration:

   systemctl reload nginx
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9. Download the latest version of PrestaShop from the official website. At the time of writing this tutorial, it is version 1.7.6.7, and we will use it here. Replace the link with the latest version if required.

   cd /tmp
   wget https://download.prestashop.com/download/releases/prestashop_1.7.6.7.zip
   unzip prestashop_*.zip
   unzip prestashop.zip -d /var/www/html/eshop
   rm prestashop*.zip
   

10. Set the ownership of the extracted files to the Nginx user and group:

    chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/eshop
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Setting up MariaDB

PrestaShop relies on the MariaDB (MySQL) database engine. Initialize it and create a database in which PrestaShop will store its data.

1. Install MariaDB using the apt package manager:

   apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client
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2. Run the interactive MariaDB initialization tool to configure the database server:

   mysql_secure_installation
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3. You will be asked to enter the current root password for the MariaDB server. As by default, no password is configured, press Enter.

4. Press Y to set a new password for the MariaDB root user:

   Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
   root user without the proper authorisation.
   
   Set root password? [Y/n]
   

5. Enter the new password and press Enter, then repeat this step for its confirmation.

6. The installer will ask you some further questions. You can keep the settings proposed by default and validate them by pressing Enter on your keyboard.

7. Once the initial setup is done connect to the MariaDB shell und using the root account and its newly set password and create the new database and its associated user for PrestaShop:

   mysql -u root -p
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   create database prestashop_db;
   create user 'prestashop'@'localhost' identified by 'A_SECRET_PASSWORD';
   grant all privileges on prestashop_db.* TO 'prestashop'@'localhost';
   flush privileges;
   exit;
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Obtaining a Let’s Encrypt TLS certificate

To secure the connection between your visitors and the server, we will use a TLS/SSL certificate issued by Let’s Encrypt, a certificate authority providing free TLS certificates. The certificate request and management can be simplified by using the certbot tool.

Certbot is available in the Universe repositories of Ubuntu.

1. Ensure the repositories are configured in your system to install the application using the apt package manager.

   apt update
   apt install software-properties-common
   add-apt-repository universe
   apt update
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2. Install certbot on the system.

   apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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3. Run the application to request the certificate for your e-shop and reconfigure your Nginx webserver to use an encrypted connection by default.

   certbot --nginx
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4. Certbot will ask you a series of questions, answer them as in the following example:

   Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
   Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
   Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
   cancel): myinbox@example.com <-- Enter your email address here
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Please read the Terms of Service at
   https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
   agree in order to register with the ACME server at
   https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   (A)gree/(C)ancel: A <-- Type A to accept the Terms of Service of Let's Encrypt
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
   Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
   organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
   encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   (Y)es/(N)o: Y <-- Type Y if you want to share your email address with the EFF, otherwise press N
   
   Which names would you like to activate HTTPS for?
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   1: eshop.example.com
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Select the appropriate numbers separated by commas and/or spaces, or leave input
   blank to select all options shown (Enter 'c' to cancel): 1 <-- Press 1 to request the certificate for the domain name "eshop.example.com"
   Obtaining a new certificate
   Performing the following challenges:
   http-01 challenge for eshop.example.com
   Waiting for verification...
   Cleaning up challenges
   Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/eshop.example.com
   
   Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
   2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
   new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
   change by editing your web server's configuration.
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 1 <-- Press 1 here, you can enable the redirection directly in Prestashop after setup
   Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/eshop.example.com
   
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://eshop.example.com
   
   You should test your configuration at:
   https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=eshop.example.com
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   
   IMPORTANT NOTES:
   - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
     /etc/letsencrypt/live/eshop.example.com/fullchain.pem
     Your key file has been saved at:
     /etc/letsencrypt/live/eshop.example.com/privkey.pem
     Your cert will expire on 2020-11-09. To obtain a new or tweaked
     version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
     with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
     your certificates, run "certbot renew"
   - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
     configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
     secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
     also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
     making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
   - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
   
     Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
     Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
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Configuring PrestaShop

The basic installation of your PrestaShop is done now, and you can start the configuration of the application using the web-based configuration wizard.

1. Open your web browser and point it to http://eshop.example.com/install. The configuration wizard displays. Choose the language you want to use for your e-commerce site and click Next.

   

   

2. Read the license terms of PrestaShop and tick the box I agree to the above terms and conditions, then click Next.

   

   

   The configuration wizard checks the compatibility of your system.

3. If all requirements are fulfilled you see a confirmation message, and you can click Next to proceed further with the configuration.

   

   

4. Enter the information about your shop, your account credentials, and choose a secure password for your administrator account. Click Next to continue with the installation.

   

   

5. Enter the connection details for your database. You have set the credentials for the database user in a previous step. If you want to use PrestaShop with a Managed Database for MySQL, you will find the credentials in your Scaleway console. Click Test your database connection now! to verify that the connection is successful. Once done, click Next to continue.

   

   

The setup wizard will create the database structure for PrestaShop. This step may take a moment, and you are redirected to the next page once the task is completed.

Once the installation is finished, a summary of the installation displays:

6. Remove the installation directory to complete the installation:

   rm -rf /var/www/html/eshop/install
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Setting up TLS encryption

By default, Prestashop uses plain, unencrypted HTTP connections, which could be a security risk. As we have already obtained a TLS certificate for our site, we will configure our PrestaShop installation to use HTTPS.

1. Go to http://eshop.example.com/admin. The administrator login displays. Connect yourself to the administrator area using the credentials set during the installation:

   

   
   Note:

   For security reasons, PrestaShop will rename the /admin directory to a random string. In case you experience 404 file not found errors in the admin area, add the following location block under other location blocks in your Nginx configuration file (/etc/nginx/sites-available/eshop.example.com). Remember to replace yourAdminDirectory with the name of your admin directory.

   location /yourAdminDirectory/ {
               try_files $uri $uri/ /yourAdminDirectory/index.php?$args;
           }
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2. Click Shop Parameters > General in the menu on the left.

   

   

3. Click the link Please click here to check if your shop supports HTTPS. You are redirected to a secure HTTPS connection.

   

   

4. Enable HTTPS connections by clicking on the corresponding button. By default, PrestaShop uses HTTPS only on the member and checkout section. If you want to use HTTPS on all pages, enable the option by clicking on the corresponding button. Then validate the configuration by clicking on Save at the bottom of the page.

   

   

Your e-commerce site now uses secure HTTPS for connections, and you can start adding products to your online shop.

Going further

Your e-commerce website is now ready to test the PrestaShop application. For production use, it is recommended to take additional security measures by installing a firewall, for example, UFW, which provides an easy-to-use command-line interface for iptables.

1. Install UFW using the apt package manager.

   apt install ufw
   
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2. For security reasons we deactivate by default all incoming connections to the server.

   ufw default deny
   
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3. Allow all outgoing connections from the server by default.

   ufw default allow outgoing
   
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4. Allow inbound traffic on the Nginx HTTP and HTTPS ports as well as SSH connections.

   ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'
   ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS'
   ufw allow 'OpenSSH'
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5. Enable the firewall configuration.

   sudo ufw enable
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You now have a working firewall configured on your e-shop server. You can set additional rules for more complex setups and configure additional protection of the machine using fail2ban.

For more information on how to configure your PrestaShop e-shop towards your business requirements, refer to the official documentation.