setup mongodb on ubuntu

Installing and Securing MongoDB on Ubuntu Focal Fossa (20.04)

Published on 01 March 2022

database
compute
mysql
mongoDB
UFW
bindIP

MongoDB is a document-oriented database that is free and open-source. It is considered one of the most popular NoSQL database engines because it is scalable, robust, reliable, and easy to use. In contrast to a relational database, MongoDB does not require a deep predefined schema before you can add data since it can be altered at any time. As it uses the NoSQL concept, data rows are stored in JSON-like documents, allowing arbitrary data to be inserted. Powerful Production-Optimized Instance come with the compute and storage capabilities you need to run your MondoDB Instance smoothly.

Tip:

We recommend you follow this tutorial using a Production-Optimized Instance.

Security & Identity (IAM):

You may need certain IAM permissions to carry out some actions described on this page. This means:

you are the Owner of the Scaleway Organization in which the actions will be carried out, or
you are an IAM user of the Organization, with a policy granting you the necessary permission sets

Requirements:

You have an account and are logged into the Scaleway console
You have configured your SSH key
You have created an Instance that runs Ubuntu Focal Foassa (20.04) or later
You have privileges or access to the root user.

Setting up MongoDB

Adding MongoDB repository

Important:

You should always use the official MongoDB mongodb-org packages, to make sure you have the latest, up-to-date major and minor MongoDB releases.

Connect to your instance via SSH.
```
ssh root@your.instance.ip.address
```
If you do not know your server IP, you can list your existing servers using the Scaleway CLI scw instance server list.

Tip:
If you use the root user, you can remove the sudo before each command.
Update the Ubuntu package manager.
```
apt update
```
Upgrade the Ubuntu packages already installed.
```
apt upgrade
```
Import the key for the official MongoDB repository (Ubuntu ensures the authenticity of software packages by verifying that they are signed with GPG keys.).
```
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | apt-key add -
```
The command above should respond with an OK.
Add the MongoDB repository details so that Ubuntu’s apt command-line tool will know where to download the packages. Execute the following command to create a list file for MongoDB.
```
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
```
Tip:
If you are running a different Version of Ubuntu Linux, the command above may differ. Check the offical documentation for more information.
Update the packages list
```
apt update
```

Installing MongoDB

Install the mongodb-org meta-package, which includes the daemon, configuration and init scripts, shell, and management tools on the server.
```
apt install mongodb-org
```
Press enter or type Y to proceed when prompted. Once the installation is completed, start the MongoDB daemon.
```
systemctl start mongod.service
```

Since systemctl does not provide output, verify that the service has started properly.

systemctl status mongod

● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor prese>
    Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-03-01 10:36:39 UTC; 1s ago
      Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Main PID: 21330 (mongod)
    Memory: 59.7M
    CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
            └─21330 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

systemctl status mongod.service

● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor prese>
    Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-03-01 10:36:39 UTC; 1s ago
      Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Main PID: 21330 (mongod)
    Memory: 59.7M
    CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
            └─21330 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Press q to exit.

Ensure that it restarts automatically at each boot

systemctl enable mongod.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service to /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.

Securing MongoDB

The default installation of MongoDB is vulnerable because no authentication is required to interact with the database. Any user could create and destroy databases, as well as read from and write to their contents by default. To secure MongoDB, we need to create an administrative user and enable authentication.

Connect to the Mongo shell to add a new user.
```
mongosh
```
```
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.7.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.4
Using Mongosh:		1.7.1
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
```
You can choose any preferred name for the administrative user since the privilege level is assigned from the role of userAdminAnyDatabase.

The admin database designates where the credentials are stored. You can learn more about authentication in the MongoDB Security Authentication section.

Set the username of your choice and be sure to pick your own secure password and substitute them in the command below:

use admin
db.createUser(
  {
    user: "AdminOce",
    pwd: "PWD2018AdminOce",
    roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
  }
)

The command above returns:

{ ok: 1 }

Type exit and press ENTER or use CTRL+C to leave the client.
```
admin> exit
```

Enabling authentication

In order to enforce authentication, we need to enable authentication and restart the MongoDB daemon.

Open the configuration file.
```
nano /etc/mongod.conf
```
Remove the hash in front of security to enable the section. Then, we add the authorization lines (indented with two spaces) as per the following excerpt below:
```
security:
  authorization: "enabled"
```
Restart the daemon.
```
systemctl restart mongod.service
```

Check the status to verify that the service has rebooted.

systemctl status mongod

● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor prese>
    Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-03-01 10:43:45 UTC; 2s ago
      Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Main PID: 21449 (mongod)
    Memory: 153.2M
    CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
            └─21449 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

systemctl status mongod.service

● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor prese>
    Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-03-01 10:43:45 UTC; 2s ago
      Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Main PID: 21449 (mongod)
    Memory: 153.2M
    CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
            └─21449 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf

Press q to exit.

Ensure that the daemon restarts automatically at boot.

systemctl enable mongod

systemctl enable mongod.service

Jun 27 15:36:34 mongoDB systemd[1]: Started High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database.

Testing authentication

Connect without credentials to verify that our actions are restricted

mongosh

Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.7.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.4
Using Mongosh:		1.7.1
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
test>

We are connected to the test database.

Test that the access is restricted with the show dbs command:

test> show dbs
MongoServerError: command listDatabases requires authentication

Exit the shell to proceed.
```
> exit
bye
```

Verifying the administrative user’s access

Connect as our administrator with the -u option to supply a username and -p to be prompted for a password. Supply the database where we stored the user’s authentication credentials with the --authenticationDatabase option.
```
mongosh -u AdminOce -p --authenticationDatabase admin
```
Once the correct password is entered, we are dropped into the shell, where we can issue the show dbs command:
```
test> show dbs
admin    135 kB
config  61.4 kB
local   73.7 kB
```

Type exit or press CTRL+C to exit.

Configuring remote access (optional)

Enabling UFW

Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW), is a front-end to iptables. Its main goal is to make managing your firewall drop-dead simple and to provide an easy-to-use interface.

Note:

If UFW is already installed on your computer, go directly to step 5.

Install UFW.
```
apt install ufw
```
Check UFW status.
```
ufw status
```
Enable UFW, as it is probably inactive.
```
ufw enable
```
Ensure to allow SSH.
```
ufw allow OpenSSH
```

Rerun the UFW status command.

ufw status

Status: active
To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
OpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere
OpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

Allow access to the default MongoDB port 27017 but restrict that access to a specific host.
```
ufw allow from client_ip_address to any port 27017
```

Re-run this command using the IP address for each additional client that needs access. To double-check the rule, run ufw status again:

ufw status

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
OpenSSH                    ALLOW       Anywhere
27017                      ALLOW       client_ip_address
OpenSSH (v6)               ALLOW       Anywhere (v6)

Configuring a public bindIP

To allow remote connections, add our host’s publically-routable IP address to the mongod.conf file.
```
nano /etc/mongod.conf
```
In the net section, add the MongoHost’s IP to the bindIp line.

Note:
Verify your private IP with the ifconfig command.
```
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,IP_of_MongoHost
```
Restart the daemon.
```
systemctl restart mongod.service
```

Check the daemon status.

systemctl status mongod.service

Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-xx-yy 13:15:35 UTC; 5s ago

Testing remote connections

Ensure that Mongo is listening on its public interface by adding the --host flag with the IP address from the mongodb.conf file.

mongosh -u AdminOce -p --authenticationDatabase admin --host IP_address_of_MongoHost

Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.7.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.4
Using Mongosh:		1.7.1
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/

Uninstalling MongoDB

Important:

This process will completely remove MongoDB, its configuration, and all databases. This process is not reversible, so ensure that all of your configuration and data is backed up before proceeding.

Stop MongoDB.
```
service mongod stop
```
Remove any MongoDB packages that you had previously installed.
```
apt purge mongodb-org*
```

Remove MongoDB databases and log files.

rm -r /var/log/mongodb
rm -r /var/lib/mongodb